Arranged Marriages within the Indian and Chinese Cultures Research Paper

Organized Marriages inside the Indian and Chinese Cultures - Research Paper Example Organized marriage ought not be mistaken for constrained marriage in which one gathering is compelled to get hitched to another. Orchestrated relationships are the duties of more seasoned relatives, guardians, matchmaking operators or confided in parties. In certain societies, seeking isn't common. Companions are united by their folks. For this situation, it is the duty of the parent to make sure that their kid passes the conjugal rituals. Along these lines, the grown-up youngsters consider it to be a standard. The individuals who are liable for the game plan relationships may be abstract to passionate fixation and concoct strange choices. In either case, intra-generational connections supplant conjugal connections. Following the accomplices sharing a few elements, it is accepted that some type of comprehension creates between the couple and the relationship keeps going. Conversation Arranged relationships are polished in China and India with the sole point of keeping up the social p osition. Families unite the kids with the goal that they may keep the family ties solid. In India, masterminded relationships, however disheartened, are generally rehearsed. The guardians consider it to be their moral obligation to guarantee that their youngsters pass their conjugal customs. The legitimate age for relationships in India is 18 for females and 21 for guys. Notwithstanding, through organized relationships, relatives wed their young ladies as ahead of schedule as 15 yet the relationships culminated after the ages of 18 (Seymour and Seymour 132). In China, orchestrated relationships are polished at a low rate in light of the fact that the pace of innovation in the nation doesn't take into account preservation of some social practices. Females should wed at 21 years old and 23 for guys. This implies the guardians can just look for admirers for the youngsters at the correct age. Notwithstanding, in China, individuals are given the option to pick their accomplices and it is simply after they have settled on their decisions that the guardians can mediate in wedding arrangements (Fox 191). Likenesses Arranged relationships are normal in the Chinese and Indian societies. These two societies share various variables they put into thought when concocting the best match. Among the main considerations is that of religion. In the two societies, it is accepted that the inclination ought to be given to the individuals sharing same profound and strict convictions. Culture and standing is likewise another most regular calculate thought about the two societies. When singling out the matches, food propensities, language, and area are thought of with the goal that the couple has a similar culture (Fox 182). The notoriety of each gathering along with that of the loved ones that legitimately influence the notoriety of the gathering is thought of. One can have a decent notoriety yet neglect to be chosen due to the terrible notoriety of their companions or relatives. End owment is a critical factor for the two societies, therefore, a match would be chosen from individuals having a similar social class. A woman from a well off family foundation would have a match chosen from a man of honor with a comparable family foundation (Reaves 4). Employment is another calculate thought about the two societies. In any case, the area of the man matters more than that of the lady. The man needs to accommodate the family and subsequently, he ought to be with a generous measure of income.â

Global Commercial Aircraft Aftermarket Parts Market Essay Example For Students

Worldwide Commercial Aircraft Aftermarket Parts Market Essay Business Aircraft Aftermarket Parts advertise for the period 2014-2018. It presents a worldwide diagram just as the pieces of the overall industry and development prospects by locale (the Americas, the MEME, and OPAC districts). A market section examination dependent on application (MR. parts and ratable piece substitution) and item (airplane types) has likewise been incorporated. The report additionally presents the market scene and a comparing investigation of the noticeable sellers in the market. Moreover, the report talks about the significant drivers affecting the development of the racket. It likewise traces the difficulties looked by the sellers and the market everywhere, just as the key patterns rising in the market. View our full TCO here Key Regions MEME OPAC Americas Key Vendors Eaton Corp.. General Electric co. (GE) Honeywell International Inc. Rockwell Collins Inc. Other Prominent Vendors JAW Aviation Vials BE Aerospace BE Goodrich Aerospace Pratt Whitney Key Market Driver Growing Availability Of E-stages For a full, point by point list, see our report. Key Market Challenge Customs Delays Key Market Trend Airplane Renewal For a full, point by point list, see our report, Key Questions Answered in this Report What will the market size be in 2018 and what will the development rate be? What are the key market patterns? What is driving this market? What are the difficulties to showcase development? Who are the key sellers in this market space? What are the market openings and dangers looked by the key sellers? What are the qualities and shortcomings Of the key merchants? For additional bits of knowledge, see our Global Commercial Aircraft Aftermarket Parts Market 2014-2018 report.

Stanley Milgram Biography His Influence on Psychology

Stanley Milgram Biography His Influence on Psychology History and Biographies Print Stanley Milgram Psychologist Biography By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on October 22, 2019 Isabelle Adam/Flickr/CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 More in Psychology History and Biographies Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming Stanley Milgram was a social psychologist best-remembered for his now infamous obedience experiments.?? His research demonstrated how far people are willing to go to obey authority. His experiments are also remembered for their ethical issues, which contributed to changes in how experiments can be performed today. Learn more about his life, legacy, and influence on psychology in this brief biography. Best Known For The Milgram Obedience Experiment??Familiar Stranger??The Small World Experiment?? Early Life Stanley Milgram was born on August 15, 1933, to a family of Jewish immigrants in New York City. Milgram attended James Monroe High School, where he quickly earned a reputation as a hard worker and a strong leader and completed high school in just three years. One of his classmates was future social psychologist Philip Zimbardo. He earned his Bachelors in Political Science from Queens College in 1954. At this point, his interests shifted to psychology, but he was initially rejected from Harvard Universitys graduate program in Social Relations since he had never taken a single psychology course during his undergraduate years. He was eventually able to gain admission and went on to earn his Ph.D. in Social Psychology in 1960 under the direction of psychologist Gordon Allport.?? Career and Famous Obedience Experiments During his graduate studies, Milgram had spent a year working as a research assistant to Solomon Asch who was interested in conformity in social groups.?? Aschs famous conformity experiment involved having participants judge the length of a line. Milgram was inspired by the study  and went on to perform a similar experiment that would make him famous. He began working at Yale in 1960 and started conducting his obedience experiments in 1961. In these experiments, participants were ordered by an authority figure to deliver increasingly strong electrical shocks to another person. In reality, the other person was a confederate in the experiment and was simply pretending to be shocked.?? Surprisingly, 65 percent of the participants were willing to deliver the maximum voltage shocks under orders from the experimenter.?? In 1963, Milgram returned to teach at Harvard for a few years  but was not offered tenure largely due to the controversy swirling around him thanks to his infamous obedience experiments. City University of New York (CUNY) asked him to head up their newly formed social psychology program and in 1974 he published his book Obedience to Authority.?? Milgram remained at CUNY until his death on December 20,  1984, from a heart attack. Contributions to Psychology The 19 different experiments that Milgram conducted on obedience demonstrated that people were willing to obey an authority figure even if the actions went against their morals. The experiments are well-known today, mentioned in virtually every introductory psychology textbook. While Milgram himself was known for his concern for the well-being of his participants, his work was often harshly criticized for the possible negative emotional impact it had on subjects.?? Part of the reason why the American Psychological Association established standards for working with human subjects and why Institutional Review Boards exist today is because of Milgrams work. In his 2004 biography, author Thomas Blass noted that social psychology is often dismissed as something that simply proves so-called common sense.?? Through his surprising results, Milgram was able to demonstrate that the things we think we know about ourselves and our behavior in social groups may not necessarily be true. In essence, Milgram was able to shine a light on a subtopic of psychology that some may view as unimportant, but that in reality reveals important truths about human behavior. A substantial proportion of people do what they are told to do, irrespective of the content of the act, and without pangs of conscience, so long as they perceive that the command comes from a legitimate authority, Milgram explained of his work.?? A Word From Verywell Milgrams research on obedience shocked people back during the 1960s, but his findings are just as relevant and stunning to this day. While recent findings have suggested that there may have been problems with his experimental procedures, replications of his work have found that people are surprisingly willing to obey authority figures - even when they know the orders they are following are wrong.

Essay on Disneys Medievalesque Sleeping Beauty - 4008 Words

Disneys Medievalesque Sleeping Beauty It was not once upon a time, but in a certain time in history, before anyone knew what was happening, Walt Disney cast a spell on the fairy tale. He did not use a magic wand or demonic powers. On the contrary, Disney employed the most up-to-date technological means and used his own American grit and ingenuity to appropriate European fairy tales. His technical skills and ideological proclivities were so consummate that his signature obfuscated the names of Charles Perrault, the Brothers Grimm, Hans Christian Andersen, and Collodi. If children or adults think of the great classical fairy tales today, be it Snow White, Sleeping Beauty, or Cinderella, they will think Walt Disney. --Jack Zipes,†¦show more content†¦(Zipes 141). While well-versed in Disneys ability to produce socio-cultural stagnancy, work such as that done by Zipes, Byrne and McQuillan do not address the specific ways in which Disney perpetuates particular socio-economic myths with its fairy tale appropriations. While work is currently being done on how Disneys theme parks play upon socio-economic conservatism, and the 1970s saw a key text in Ariel Dorfman and Armand Mattelarts How to Read Donald Duck: Imperialist Ideology in the Disney Comic, Disneys animated fairy tales, especially the earlier ones, have long been neglected and are all due for a serious reading in terms of the socio-economic messages they implicitly convey to their audience. In a paper of this size I neither wish to criticize scholars for neglecting this area, nor do I hope to remedy this problem in one blow. Instead this paper will examine the particular ways in which Disney uses the medium of animation in order to incorporate the medieval into his adaptation of Sleeping Beauty, as well as the very pointed anachronistic exceptions it makes to this medievalesque trend. I will then analyze how these particular implementations of the medieval, as well as the exceptions, serve to create a fantastic feeling of nostalgia for a

Factors Contributing For Criminal Activity Among African...

In the Late 1980’s, the father of sociology, W.E.B. Dubois conducted a study in Philadelphia that developed possible explanations for criminal activity among African Americans. Throughout his study, he observed that if men are moved from different environments, they began to lose harmony with the environment that results in crime (Shaun L. Gabbidon,2015). Dubois used variables such as age, unemployment, and poverty to explain crime (1899). Furthermore, Dubois study became a template to be used in studies that come to follow. During the 1900’s, cities such as Chicago began to experience some of the same challenges that were previously studied in Philadelphia (Gabbidon,2015). As a result, of the similar experience between the two†¦show more content†¦(2) After individual and family factors are accounted for, do ethnicity and/or residence in underclass neighborhoods add to the explanation of delinquency? In order to answer the questions that were posed, a set of measures were used. In their study Peeples and Loeber considered factors such as Age, percentage poor/welfare, Percentage single parent, hyperactivity, and supervision as independent variables. On the other hand, they considered factors such as family poverty, welfare use, families with no one employed, male joblessness, and assisted housing. A cross sectional assessment of 506 Pittsburgh public school boys were used to determine how the listed factors can possibly lead to juvenile delinquency. They also did a follow up six months after the initial assessment. In the sample of schools boys, 290 were African American youths. Peeples and Loeber found that 40% of African American youths lived in poor neighborhoods, compared to 5% of white youths that lived in the same neighborhood. Also, twice as many African American boys had engaged in some forms of delinquency in their life than White boys. Additionally, African Americans and did not differ in terms of the seriousness of delinquent acts or frequency of serious acts. However, African Americans had a higher total frequency of delinquent acts than Whites. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Development Of A Juvenile Criminal Justice System1740 Words   |  7 PagesIn many countries, among them the United States of America, crime rates among the youth under the age of 18 years have significantly increased. This phenomenon is attributed to various factors, among them being family disintegration, school dropouts and other antisocial behaviors. Therefore, the development of a juvenile criminal justice system was crucial as it is tailored to distinguish the judicial process related to juvenile crimes. Various facilities such as specialized detention centers andRead MoreThe General Strain Theory And Juvenile Delinquency1715 Words   |  7 Pagesrelating to different elements leading to specific criminal behaviors. 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According to Regoeczi and Kent (2014), research â€Å"examines the influence of extra-legal factors† (p. 191); regarding police decisions and discretionRead MoreAfrican American Juvenile Delinquency : America Essay2365 Words   |  10 PagesAfrican American Juvenile Delinquency in America Several studies have provided data that often indicate crime rates are higher for certain ethnic groups of people in the United States. Much of this research on delinquent behavior tends to show that African Americans account for a greater proportion of the juvenile delinquents in America. With African American juveniles accounting for more than 57% of arrests for manslaughter and more than 67% of arrests for robbery, this growing national problemRead MoreStructure of the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Corrections1604 Words   |  7 Pagespartners and offenders. 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The Death of The Invisible Man Essay Topics

The Death of The Invisible Man Essay Topics The Debate Over the Invisible Man Essay Topics This symbolizes a degree of racism that was prevalent throughout that time. While idealism might be required to instigate any sort of social change, Invisible Manasserts that, unless adopted with a level of critical distance, it might also be accountable for the kinds of prejudice it seeks to alleviate. The folks are so concerned with their existing issues and needs that they don't notice others. Due to their prejudices and racism. My intention is going to be for the benefit of the society, but not for my advantage. I would say the most significant bit of wisdom isn't to let hatred and emotions become the basis of that which we act on, but instead educated thoughts and suggestions to derive action. In our society, it isn't unusual for a Negro to experience a sensation he does not exist in the actual world whatsoever. Conflict surrounding justice is a problem that's experienced and overcome by many distinct groups of individuals. It was in the primary ballroom of the major hotel. The boys lunge for the cost, simply to discover an electric current runs throughout the rug. Mrs Hall finds a means to take advantage of him and find some information regarding her strange guest. A few of the others tried to stop them and she started to move around the ground in graceful circles, since they gave chase, slipping and sliding through the polished floor. He started his walk in the course of life for a sort, pure a nd sincere person with the notion that identity might only be acquired in terms of the specific group of individuals. Racial prejudice has become the most pernicious kind of blindness in Ellison's novel, but it's not the just one. I will make certain they feel how people residing in the villages live when they give empty promises that aren't fulfilled. Towns are too big, folks appear to be far more intelligent and the city would be a fantastic place to hide. The whole town is soon involved with the chase. Initially he comes to Iping just a little town in England where he would like to remain in order to do research. And he worked very difficult over a period of seven years to create a masterpiece. Though stunned, the narrator makes the decision to benefit from the chance to work for an important person in nyc. Moreover, he says that he experiences a certain amount of freedom in the north compared to the south. The Basic Facts of the Invisible Man Essay Topics The very first thing that you should do before starting to compose your essay is to discover the most interesting topic for your paper. They are made to test your knowledge of major themes and details from the book for a whole. By reading through our list, at this point you have a notion of what things to write about. A simple, informal fashion, even with me. The cost of an essay depends upon the total amount of effort the writer has to exert. Essays might be lightly modified for readability or to defend the anonymity of contributors, but we don't edit essay examples ahead of publication. It is suggested to look for the one which has a superior reputation and offers high-quality papers at economical rates. We've prepared extensive Invisible Man essay topics for those that are assigned to compose a literature essay. The Appeal of the Invisible Man Essay Topics The novel also contains taboo issues like incest and the controversial topic of communism. Within this regard, the matter of race was one of the most well-known themes in American literature of that moment. Documenting the American South supplies a broad selection of over 300 slave narratives. Figure out the overview of The Invisible Man inside this short article! I read Russian translations and so forth. History is a significant concept within this novel. The Bible is most likely the foremost article of literature that's most commonly alluded to. A group of critical essays on Invisible Man written by an assortment of scholars. The Upside to the Invisible Man Essay Topics Dr. Bledsoe and Brother Jack are just a couple of the villains that use and make the most of the narrator. The narrator tried to spell out the conditions, but Bledsoe didn't purchase the explanation. The author employs light for a sign of truth (Ellison 7). Write a character sketch of Dr. Bledsoe depending on the data in this chapter. Scriptural passages in the Bible remarked that slaves have to be obedient and that there's a path to freedom. Historical allusions are also quite important since they can't be argued. This book starts with a prologue where the narrator explains why he has gone underground.

Strength Based Nursing Care For Emma †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Strength Based Nursing Care For Emma. Answer: Introduction (Overview of Emmas journey): The report focuses on a strength based nursing care (SBNC) plan for Emma Gee, a 24 year old girl who was vibrant young children with active lifestyle in childhood. However, her life changed all of a sudden when she started experiencing disturbing symptoms and was diagnosed with stroke. There were several transition points in her life associated with great challenges and sufferings at those point of life such as revelation about the diagnosis of stroke, going for the surgery and remaining coma, the life after regaining consciousness and struggling with activities of daily living after stroke (Gee 2016). This report mainly focuses on the transition point of nursing care following Emma regaining consciousness after coma and analyzes the usual care provided to her. Based on evaluating experience of Emma in that period, a SBNC plan is developed for Emma to promote her empowerment by following eight principles of SBNC. Overview of implementing strength based nursing care for Emma The strength based nursing care (SBNC) is an innovative approach to care that emphasizes on a new set of values to promote empowerment, self-efficacy and hope in patients. Unlike the medical model of care which is focused on treating the disease and not the person, the SBNC model is similar to patient centered care model where focus is on healing of patient (Gottlieb, Gottlieb and Shamian 2012, pp. 38-50). In case of patient-centered care, healing occurs within the relationship between staffs and the participant, and the SBN focus on creating an environment that enhances the patients capacity for health and innate mechanism of healing (Gottlieb 2014, pp.24-32). Unfortunately, all the above elements were missing in the usual care provided to Emma after coma. The use of SBNC care plan is important for Emma during the transition point of Emma regaining consciousness after coma because in the usual care provided to her, the specific needs of Emma and her strength was not considered for c are planning. For example, just after she regained consciousness, she wanted the medical team to talk to her, however they were in a conversation among themselves. The review of the usual care revealed no action to identify what treatment of care option is working well or it will work best for Emma. With the use of SBNC, the main plan is to work with strength of Emma to overcome her problems and deficits. The strategies followed to implement SBNC for managing her care after regaining consciousness will focus on the principle of holistic personalized care, empowerment of patient, family/person centered care, context based care, collaborative partnership and self-care (Gottlieb, Gottlieb and Shamian 2012, pp. 38-50). After regaining consciousness after coma, Emma relied mainly on medical staffs for her daily life activities like cleaning, washing, feeding and rolling. She always felt like poked and prodded and missed seeing the familiar faces like her family members in front of her. She failed to communicate with her family member after the black mask on her mouth. To implement SBNC for Emma, the immediate strategy is to engage in a therapeutic communication with Emma first to identify her strength and weakness and then develop care plan for her. The nursing behaviors like active listening, assessing patients understanding and preference of treatment option, validating their participation in decision making and communicating with empathy (both verbally and non verbally) is likely to enhance patient centered communication while caring for (Emma Elwyn et al. 2014, pp.270-275). While providing her support in daily life activities, all considerations will be made to respect her dignity and find out E mmas preferences in receiving support. In addition, including family members in care planning will be very crucial as they can give lot of information about strength and coping skills of Emma. Based on family strength assessment, their family member can also be involved in care so that Emma does not feel intimidated and develops the positive motivation to accept the treatment and this approach would accelerate her pathway towards recovery and healing (Smith, Swallow and Coyne 2015, pp.143-159). Family functioning and relationship in nursing practice As it is planned to engage family members in planning and addressing health care needs of Emma, it will be important for nurse to conduct family strength assessment to identify any family strength factor that can promote recovery of Emma and a positive experience in care. This exercise would help to gain knowledge about patients relationship, level of attachment with family members and any specific family strength that promotes recovery of patient (Svavarsdottir, Sigurdardottir and Tryggvadottir 2014, pp. 13-50). The narration by Gee (2016) showed that Emma was closely attached to her mother, Lyn and after regaining consciousness, Emma always wanted to see her family members in front of her, however she was always surrounded by hospitals staffs. Therefore, understanding family strength is important so that her mother could also be involved in care. Hence, interview with her mother can give information related to support, togetherness, communication, shared activities, acceptance and resilience in Emmas family and this information can be used to enhance both physical as well as spiritual well being of Emma (Gottlieb et al. 2012, pp. 38-50). Another important consideration for nurse to promote healing and recovery of Emma according to SBNC plan is to develop a therapeutic and caring relationship with the patient. This is importance to promote inclusiveness in nursing practice and make patient accept and trust the treatment provided to them (Tobiano et al. 2015, pp. 1107-1120 . The narration by Emma after gaining consciousness mainly revealed she felt poked and prodded and no care being taken while shifting her from one bed to another during any medical activities. Hence, this means in the usual care provided to Emma, no communication or feedback was taken from Emma to understand her concern. This issue will be addressed by engaging in therapeutic communication with Emma and always interacting with her at all point of care to take feedback for any care implemented or find out any issue faced by Emma while going forward with any treatment. This will facilitate collaborative nursing practice and nurse can develop the resili ence skill of Emma to cope with any difficulties at any point of care. Offering assistance to Emma during her stages of anxiety and clarifying the importance of certain treatment for her recovery may also address feelings of disgust experience by Emma (Feo et al. 2017, pp.54-63). This will ensure that effective and caring nurse patient relationship is developed with Emma. Strength based nursing care for one critical transition point in Emmas journey Goal of SBNC care plan for Emma after regain consciousness- To provide SBN approach to support her in activities of daily living such washing, dressing and feeding. To involve Emmas mother in basic activities like dressing and feeding to develop resilient and spiritual well-being in patient. To be vigilant to respect patients dignity and respect while implementing care To take regular feedback from Emma to understand what will work best for her and reduce her sufferings during the treatment. SBNC plan for support in activities of daily living: Collect subjective data (S)- The first plan is to collect subjective data of level of difficulty in activities of daily living after coma. Emma was having trouble in speaking and communication with others due to dysphagia. Although she tried to say things, but no could understand her. She also lost the ability to normal movement and could not even wriggle her toes after regaining consciousness after coma. Other issues that severely affected her activities of daily living included double vision, inability to swallow foods due to dysphasia (nurse asked her to open her while feeding a fluid, but Emmas brain could not support her to complete the action), inability to use the communication board, comb her hair and dress herself. She was also found to experience great psychological stress and trauma during the process due to the absence of therapeutic communication and presence of family members in care (Gee 2016). Collect objective data (O)- The level of deficits in the area of mobility, speech and gait will be measured by use of appropriate tools. This would help to understand the level of support or assistive device Emma might require during ADLs. Assessment (A)- Bases on the collective and objective data obtained, the nurse can assess the difficulties faced by Emma in nursing care and support for ADLs. Treatment plan (P)- SBNC for ADLs will be provided by being respectful towards Emma and preserving her dignity during feeding, dressing and washing activities. As she faced difficulty in speaking, it will be necessary to communicate with Emma to understand whether she can express her thoughts and feeling through non-verbal signs. Teaching her non-verbal communication skill is also likely to address her struggle during speaking with others (Lutz and Green 2016, pp.e263-e265). As Emmas family remained with her for a very short time in the usual care provided, it is planned to at least allow her mother, Lyn to meet and support Emma at least during feeding so that she gains some warmth and familiarity in the hospital environment. This would also address her feelings of social isolation and lack of support from family members during difficult times (Address psychological stress and anxiety in patient) (Carman et al. 2013, pp.223-231). Reflection on Emmas experience in actual health care received and SBNC The usual care provided to Emma after gaining consciousness mainly revealed that there was a focus on just completing specific medical task assigned for patient, however no care was taken to preserve the dignity of patient. Therapeutic means of communication was always missing as hospital staffs talked among themselves and paid no attention to the issues that Emma faced while speaking or feeding or shifting her to another room. Use of such approach to care de-motivate patients and diminish their will power and hope for recovery. Patients also distrust such system and develop feelings of aggression and psychological stress in the procedure. On the other hand, the SBNC plan is mainly focused on effective communication with patient throughout the stage of treatment. This ensures that patients preference and issues can be identified and the most optimal environment is provided to patient to enhance their resilience skills and feelings towards healings (Spence Laschinger et al. 2010, pp.4 -13). By the use of SBNC, it is expected that Emma may develop a sense of familiarity and inclusiveness in care and respond well to the treatment provided. The inclusion of her family member is also likely to reduce her psychological distress. Conclusion on role of SBN for patient and family empowerment The main conclusion from developing the SBNC care plan for Emma is that SBN is a unique approach to care and must be actively implemented in nursing practice to promote patient/family empowerment and engagement in decision making. The SBN approach of focusing on patient and family strength creates an environment for their empowerment and developing positive attitude towards the care process. Use of such approach is likely to reduce the burden of nurses in their practice as it reduces conflicts, errors and any dissatisfaction with the care provided and accelerates recovery and healing of patient. References Carman, K.L., Dardess, P., Maurer, M., Sofaer, S., Adams, K., Bechtel, C. and Sweeney, J., 2013. Patient and family engagement: a framework for understanding the elements and developing interventions and policies.Health Affairs,32(2), pp.223-231. Elwyn, G., Dehlendorf, C., Epstein, R.M., Marrin, K., White, J. and Frosch, D.L., 2014, Shared decision making and motivational interviewing: achieving patient-centered care across the spectrum of health care problems, The Annals of Family Medicine,12(3), pp.270-275. Feo, R., Rasmussen, P., Wiechula, R., Conroy, T. and Kitson, A., 2017, Developing effective and caring nurse-patient relationships Nursing Standard,31(28), pp.54-63. Gee, E. 2016, Reinventing Emma, Retrieved 23 October 2017, from https://file:///C:/Users/User00/Downloads/1801246_440436544_emma%20(1).pdf Gottlieb, L. N., Gottlieb, B., and Shamian, J. 2012, Principles of strengths-based nursing leadership for strengths-based nursing care: A new paradigm for nursing and healthcare for the 21st century, Nursing Leadership,25(2), 38-50. Gottlieb, L.N., 2014, CE: Strengths-Based Nursing, AJN The American Journal of Nursing,114(8), pp.24-32. Lutz, B.J. and Green, T., 2016, Nursings role in addressing palliative care needs of stroke patients,Stroke,47(12), pp.e263-e265. Smith, J., Swallow, V. and Coyne, I., 2015, Involving parents in managing their child's long-term conditiona concept synthesis of family-centered care and partnership-in-care, Journal of pediatric nursing,30(1), pp.143-159. Smith, LMand Ford, K. 2013, Family strengths and the Australian Family Strengths Nursing Assessment Guide.In: Child, Youth and Family Health: Strengthening Communities, Elsevier, Australia, pp. 98-105. ISBN 9780729541558 Spence Laschinger, H.K., Gilbert, S., Smith, L.M. and Leslie, K., 2010, Towards a comprehensive theory of nurse/patient empowerment: applying Kanters empowerment theory to patient care Journal of Nursing Management,18(1), pp.4-13. Svavarsdottir, E.K., Sigurdardottir, A.O. and Tryggvadottir, G.B., 2014, Strengths-oriented therapeutic conversations for families of children with chronic illnesses: Findings from the Landspitali University Hospital Family Nursing Implementation Project, Journal of family nursing,20(1), pp.13-50. Tobiano, G., Marshall, A., Bucknall, T. and Chaboyer, W., 2015, Patient participation in nursing care on medical wards: an integrative review,International journal of nursing studies,52(6), pp.1107-1120.

Keyur P. Biology...Science Rasmussens Encephalitis The Human Immune Sy

Keyur P. Biology...Science Rasmussen's Encephalitis The human immune system is an amazing system that is constantly on the alert protecting us from sicknesses. Thousands of white blood cells travel in our circulatory system destroying all foreign substances that could cause harm to our body or to any of the millions of processes going on inside. Now imagine a condition where this awesome system turns against the most complex organ in the human body, the brain. Deadly as it is, this condition is known as Rasmussen's encephalitis. The meaningful research on Rasmussen's encephalitis was begun (unintentionally) by Scott Rogers and Lorise Gahring, two neurologists, who were at the time measuring the distribution of glutamate receptors in the brain. Later on when more provocative information was found they enlisted the help of James McNamara and Ian Andrews, epilepsy experts at Duke University Medical Center. The details on Rasmussen's encephalitis were very bleak at the time when the men began their research. All that was known is that Rasmussen's encephalitis was a degenerative disease of the brain that caused seizures, hemiparesis, and dementia normally in the first ten years of life. The seizures that were caused by Rasmussen's encephalitis were unstoppable by normal anti-seizure drugs used conventionally. What the worst part of the disease was that the pathogenesis for it were not known and even worse was how it developed. The first clue was delivered when Rogers and Gahring were trying to register the distribution of the glutamate receptors using antibodies, that tag on to the receptor itself. The proteins that make up the glutamate receptors(GluR) are only found inside the blood brain barrier(BBB). Glutamate and a few related amino acids are the dominant form of excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of mammals. If one of these GluRs happens to wander into the actual bloodstream, that is outside the BBB, it would be considered an outsider and destroyed immediately. So if these GluRs were put into the normal blood stream then the immune system would produce antibodies which could then be used in the searching for the glutamate receptors. In order to test this theory the researchers injected the GluRs into the blood stream of a normal healthy rabbit hoping to produce good results. At this point the experiment took a dramatic turn, after receiving a few doses of the protein two of the three rabbits began to twitch, as though they were suffering the pain of an epileptic seizure. Now the help of McNamara and Andrews was enlisted. When McNamara and Andrews examined the brain tissue of the rabbits, they saw what seemed to be a familiar inflammatory pattern, clumps of immune cells all around blood vessels. This description exactly matched the description of persons suffering from Rasmussen's encephalitis, moreover something as this would never be found in a healthy brain. A healthy br ain has its blood capillaries enclosed in the BBB membrane, so such a case as the one mentioned above would not be possible. As protective as the BBB is, it can be breached by something like a head injury. What was happening was that the antibodies which were out to get the GluR proteins were somehow finding a way into the brain and directing an attack towards all GluR receptor proteins in the brain itself. After some more examinations Rogers and McNamara decided that these attacks were the cause of the seizures that are often experienced by sufferers of Ramussen's encephalitis. Then if the case is of antibodies in the bloodstream, than sufferers of Ramussen's encephalitis should have them in their bloodstream and healthy normal peoples shouldn't. When this was actually tested the results were positive that Rasmussen sufferers did have these antibodies in their bloodstreams and healthy people did not. These were not only the right kind of antibodies but, the very antibodies that caused the seizures in people and rabbits. Thus when these antibodies were removed by plasma exchange(PEX) it caused a temporary relief from the seizures but soon the body starts making more antibodies of the type and the seizures start once again. After all the examinations two questions remained, why does the body mount an immune response against one of its own brain proteins,

Why A High Read Ratio On Your Medium Blog Matters

Why A High Read Ratio On Your Medium Blog Matters Medium is a place where, according to their manifesto, you can write collaboratively and alongside many other quality writers. It  works simply, has a wonderful interface, is simple to use, looks pretty, and, despite all of that, I wrote a post a while back on why you should not blog at Medium. I have only  written 20 blog posts  on my Medium blog, neither a heavy user nor convinced that I should become one. But Medium grows in popularity, and one of the features that people tout is its unique approach to analytics.  Theyre much like the writing interface in that they are clear, understandable, and deceptively simple. They dont exactly track the stats youre used to seeing in a blog analytics package. What Does Your Medium Blog Measure? At the top of your dashboard in Medium, in 30-day segments, you can track three basic stats for all of your posts: views, reads, and recommendations. A chart gives you an overall view of how your content is performing. All of your stories are listed below this chart. Clicking on the post changes the bar graph to show that storys stats.  You can also see those same three stats, plus an extra one (read ratio), for each story that you write. Each story you write on medium has four stats for just that story. Sometimes the most viewed are the least read, which is more common than we realize on our own blogs. Views: This is the classic stat, and answers how many sets of eyeballs saw your story. It is, pure and simple, a measurement of who came in to take a peek. Reads: This stat is a bit different. In some ways, its similar to the idea of a bounce, but not exactly. A bounce is when someone visits your site, and then leaves without doing anything beyond that initial page that brought them in. Your bounce rate analytics dont really tell you if anyone read what you had on the page. It simply says they left after this one page. Medium measures whether or not someone actually read your article. So, your views and your reads will not always be the same number. Read Ratio: Medium uses an algorithm that calculates how many people actually read your post out of those that view it. Though it isnt clear on how this is measured, Medium has indicated that they want to use this in determining which posts get recommended or more visibility on their site. According to Ev Williams, founder at Medium, read ratio has an effect on how your post is ranked and found (emphasis added by me): It’s not a direct popularity ranking. It takes in a variety of factors, including whether or not a post seems to actually have been read (not just clicked on) and whether people click the â€Å"Recommend† button at the bottom of posts. The ratio of people who view it who read it and who read it and recommend it are important factors, not just the number. (This is an attempt to level of the playing field for those who don’t already have large followings and/or a penchant for writing click-bait headlines.) In other words, they want to promote posts that get read, and not just clicked on. A sexy headline might grab, but the content better hold em. Its an attempt to put an end to viral content that doesnt actually get read, and maybe an attempt to stop people from gaming the system. Sharing and recommendations are done at the bottom of a story in Medium. Recommendations: This stat shows how many people recommended (kind of like a share) the post on Medium. The number of people who recommend your post also plays into how it is ranked in Mediums system. The button to recommend a post is found at the bottom of the post (as are the social share buttons), where youd naturally click it if you had theoretically read the post.  This is in contrast to the popular idea that social sharing buttons should be at the top of your blog post or page. Again, Medium seems to be going against the current and wanting their system to be built on promoting the reading of posts, not mindless sharing. Why Does Reader Behavior Matter? Out of the four stats that Medium offers, the two that stand out as something different from traditional analytics is reads and read ratio. These two stats are putting a number on something that was previously difficult to measure: is anyone reading what Im writing? Proof That Your Content Is Valuable In some situations, the case can be made for not really worrying whether anyone is reading or not. There are times Im blogging more for myself and to achieve clarity of thought on particular ideas rather than whether or not someone is reading. Plus, as a writer, sometimes you need to be careful to not get too caught up in whether or not you are being 100% read.  These sentiments are fine for a personal or hobby blog. But what if you are a business investing time and money into content creation with a specific desired return?  It matters if anyone is reading. You need to know the investment isnt being wasted.  Your job might even require that you offer some proof that people are reading the content youre being paid to write. Clicks and shares are fine, but to be able to say that your content is read 90% of the time is quite a different matter. On @Medium, it matters if people actually read what you write. How about on your own blog?Leads To Better Writing The idea of measuring how much of your content is read should lead to better writing (if you care about people reading).  It used to be enough to measure clicks, hits, and shares (often based on click-bait headlines), but Medium has introduced an interesting new dynamic: it matters if people actually read what you are writing. When you have a number to work with, you have something you can measure and improve.  Typical blog stats dont exactly measure whether people read your posts or not, so that wasnt important for you. Instead, you likely focused on methods, such as headlines or social sharing, to get them to click and get hits because that was what you were able to measure. Medium has attempted to change this. The very nature of putting a number on readability makes it unsurprising that people are already asking about  how to get their read ratio up.  What gets your read ratio up? You cant control how much time people have to devote to reading, but you can control whether or not youre writing something worthwhile. On Medium, especially, shocking headlines and regurgitated content that others are writing wont fly. You might get the view, but you wont get the reads. What can you do to get people to read more of your story? Shocking headlines dont always work. Better Understanding Of Engagement How many times do you get comments to your blog post and you  know  the reader didnt fully read (if at all) the post? I know more than once Ive found myself absolutely confused by the comments people have left, and I wonder did they even read this post? Mediums measurement of reads, combined with a comment system that happens not at the bottom but as the post is read, helps you better understand the engagement you receive and perhaps weeds out the wacky comments of someone who has not read your post at all. Test Long And Short Content This is not exactly a stat associated directly with read ratio, but it is another aspect of how Medium is trying to tap into the actual reading behavior of people. In the story itself, Medium shows readers an estimate of how long a post will take to read. Medium shows you how long it will take to read a post. Blogger Matt Swanson talks about the benefits he gets as a reader in knowing how much time he will commit to what he is about to read, and what effects that information has on whether he even starts to read or not. Medium is, after all, catering to the readers experience and letting them know how much time they will have to invest to get the whole story is part of that. Lets use another example. On Hulu.com, Im told during the commercial break whether the commercial is 1 of 2, or maybe 1 of 4. What do I do when I see that? If its a set of four commercials, I have time to go to the kitchen and get something to drink, but if its only one or two commercials, I just stick around. While I have the option at any time to pause the show, you cant skip through commercials on Hulu and its easier to just let them play and skip them while leaving if I know theres enough time. All of that to say: I make decisions on what I will do with the content based on how much time it will take me to commit to it. So, when a reader sees that your post is only going to take about two minutes to read, or that it will take eight minutes to read, it will have some effect on the decisions readers make about your post. The effect will vary based on your readers, how you write, and if you are established as a thought leader.  Some of the very long articles written by established journalists or content sources get read despite estimated read times of more than 10 minutes. That might not work for you. Readers make decisions on what to do with content based on time they must commit to it.How this estimated read time impacts your views and read ratio would be a fascinating A/B test for each writer. Similar topics and titles, but as a longer version and shorter version. Look at your content in general and see if you find a correlation between read time and view/read ratio. There has been quite a bit of discussion lately about how Google search likes longer content, but with Medium–a site very much about the reader and promotion based on what is worth reading–high quality short content might be just as viable. Medium Wants Your Stories, Not Your Articles What does all of this talk about Medium have to do with you, a WordPress blogger using ? Its because these Medium stats indicate a possible trend on where content is going, and in some ways, its quite different from what youve been hearing you ought to do elsewhere. Traditionally, getting more readers is less popular than the idea of getting more traffic. Mediums approach flies in the face of that. Instead of a focus on traffic, Medium is focusing on readers. 1. Medium is basing discovery of your content on whether or not people have read it. Not hits, not sexy headlines.  Readability, not gimmicks or tricks, wins. 2. Do you notice how Medium, on its dashboard and elsewhere, does not refer to what you write as blog posts, or content? It calls them stories, and thats the key here. Medium wants your stories. Medium has visually stripped away anything that might get in the way of the story–no ads, and it uses a clear and simplified design.  Medium caters to readers, and readers like stories. Even readers who say I dont like fiction and stories actually want stories. Stories get read, and Medium is trying to find a way for you to track what gets read and reward that. All of the 25 Ways To Do This blog posts in the world cant hold a candle to the power of something told as a story. A great writer can turn nearly any piece of content into a story. In some ways, its an attempt to level the playing field and say that if you can tell a good story, if you can write well, youll be rewarded.  No tricks or gimmicks will get people to read to the end other than good writing. While your WordPress blog isnt in the walled garden of Medium, and you still have to use the old methods to get found by readers and search engines, it doesnt hurt to consider what Medium is trying to do and see if you cant incorporate a new goal in your writing: Write for readers. Getting read matters. Tell stories.

Film Kal Penn Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Film Kal Penn - Research Paper Example Kal Penn, born in New Jersey in the year 1977, grew up in traditional Indian family. Both of his parents were gujarattti immigrants from India. Most of his roles in his films seem to address racial discrimination. Since his parents were immigrants, he faced racial discrimination from the people in his surroundings. His passion was acting since his childhood. Playing this role in his films may help curb the problem of racial discrimination in America. Films are a form of communication where the information reaches the audience when watching. Kal Penn later involved himself in acting both in school and after school. After landing in television shows like Buffy the vampire slayer, spin the city, and Sabrina the teenage witch, his biography shows us that the work was challenging. His work was sporadic and limited to ethnic roles. At first, he was reluctant at his work to a point where his friends advised him. From this point, he proceeded to change his name (Holder2005 85). This implies the resistance Kal Penn was getting from the audience. Changing his name made his job offers increase by 50%. This implied that Kal Penn could not get job offers because his name was for an Indian. Additionally, the film industry and the media seem to be highly practicing racial profiling. They most likely offered job opportunities to the American dwellers. Again, in his romantic film; American Desi, which explored race and identity of young ethnic group, shows his efforts to explore in the field of racial profiling. Most people face discrimination in love because of their skin color, ethnic group, or religion. The fact that Penny is an Indian actor can make him face discrimination from the Americans. This film illustrates racism practices by the young people. Arguably, Kal Penn seems to fight racial profiling because he turns down his role as a teenage terrorist cast as Ahmed Amar, which he

Write the difintion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Write the difintion - Essay Example It involves a close participation of diverse stakeholders who works as a team, hence simplification of the complex task. The team may encompass teachers, students, specialists from different subjects and syllabus coordinators. The team contributes to improvement of technical expertise and know how to achieve the curriculum goals and objectives. Primarily, it is a coherent and sustainable method of curriculum development. Formative evaluation takes place during the delivery of a certain course content. Teachers carry out a formative evaluation in order to determine how much students know and be able to modify the instructional methods. Formative evaluation highlights the aspects that need emphasis, as well as the weaknesses and the strengths of students. Furthermore, the curriculum formative evaluation does monitor and evaluate the deficiencies present in any current curriculum for the sake of future improvement. Summative evaluation occurs at the end of a course. Teachers use summative assessment in determining whether the course objectives have been achieved. They focus on the learning outcomes exhibited by students. Summative evaluation may be in the form of the final project or end of semester exams. The approach is also useful in curriculum development, via use of questionnaires, testing or observations to test the usefulness of the

Education Essays Public Schools Education

Education Essays Public Schools Education Public Schools Education Abstract Public schools have always been a milestone of the social history of the United States. Despite arguments against them, many education researchers believe they still have an important place in the education process. Schools supervisors play an important role in education with a potential to extend their role in evaluation as needed in education reform. The aim of this essay is to provide a brief yet a comprehensive review on the arguments on public education, school supervision, and evaluation of education and school supervisors. Supervising and public schools Public education is a milestone in the US social history. The society is multicultural and ethnically diverse thus; public schools were an endeavor to create a consistent society, starting by young people, through providing a common prospectus coming up from the newly rising Anglo-American culture. The people of the US live a long dated democratic political tradition; therefore, they look at education as a key feature to the principle of equal opportunity. In addition, because of the capitalist economy is one with high competition, education becomes essential to success. Most Americans translate the phrase public education as run by elected civil authorities, and supported by taxpayers so these schools should provide free education. However, schools, by this definition, did not exist in colonial America. Thus, the roots of public education may have come from British Grammar schools, missionary (Spanish) schools in Mexico and Latin America, and possibly the underground secret (clandestine) schools of black slaves. Public education systems reflect the societys preconceptions, economic and political conflicts, and social ranking. Therefore, second to national defense, no government-provided service attracted the attention of the public in the US as education does (Encyclopedia of American Social History, 1993). Arguments on public education West (1994) looked at the history of public (government financed) education in both UK and the U.S, and came out with statements that disapprove the common notion the state should be the major supervisor and support to education. West (1994) showed that percentage of government spending on school education in UK was almost the same before and after schooling laws in 1830. The author inferred that measuring the educational output by the ability to read and write shows no large effect of government involvement. In addition, West (1994), claimed the ultimate development of the public education system was essentially the outcome of the endeavors of individuals managing it, motivated by self-interest. Thus, the result was to substitute, not to support and reinforce the earlier private education system. Young and Block (1999), summarized the arguments in favor of public education, they suggested four categories. The first argument for public education is the assertion that it produces large positive outcome irrespective of cost (economic argument). In other words, by public education rising generations benefit the society as a whole. Therefore, it is logic for the society to share in how to educate, disburse the cost of education, and does not pass on the process completely to private enterprises. In addition, increased economic productivity of educated people reflects on the productivity of the society. A second channel is that public education ensures the moral ideas, concepts, and beliefs the system needs to put in our children. This may not have a direct economic impact but its effect on crime rates, drug abuse and youth culture is evident if proper guidance and coaching are available. Second argument is that public education is necessary because parents may not be adequately educated to choose suitable schooling for their children (education argument). However, whether this argument is an advantage to the public system teaching the youth what the public body wants rather that what they or their parents want, remains open to discussion. This argument explains at most one generation of public education, after that this generation should be able to choose an education for their children. Third, the substantial resources of the government are what can provide proper investment in human capital. In addition, even if most parents can afford educating their children, however, the young generation cannot afford to pay education costs for themselves. A strong argument against a total private system of education (democratic argument) is it endorses and spreads inequality. Children coming from rich backgrounds should not superior education, and added chance of success, irrespective of their skills and abilities. The fact that family environment is a significant forecaster of school performance, increases the effect of this argument. The basic fact remains, since education is important for the public, public education should be available (Young and Block, 1999). School Supervision The rationale (philosophy) of school supervision: The basic objective for education is to provide an environment where all students can learn and eventually become successful and productive members of society.  There are six concepts to succeed as a leader of a school and be able to put this philosophy into action: vision, culture, management, community, ethics, and politics.   The choices to lead (supervise or coach) are the teacher’s response of vision of the education philosophy and aim, practical theories and are affected at the same time by the teachers personality and response to certain situations. Keeping this vision ensures that successful leadership leads to students achievements (Sergiovanni, 2006). Teachers should try to create a tailored plan for all students to ensure that meets everyone’s needs.   The classroom teacher’s must oversee this plan by frequent assessments.   These assessments will guide instructing the students to ensure making that progress for all students.   A supervisor must provide training for teachers, so they meet the eventual goal.   (Nanus, 1992). The culture of the school as a learning community depends on two essential understandings; first, the school is a place where all staff personnel are committed to the success of the school. Second, a learning community is one that accepts others and their differences, and is a community that establishes an environment of good morals as caring and mutual respect.   Developing a school culture is a necessity to develop a learning community. In this respect, supervisors represent the model behavior that sets the school culture (Rooney, 2005). The school community is not only the people within the school, it is the community outside the school related to and mixed up with the school students (as family and community businesses). Thus, the school leader must understand the needs of the community where the school is (Epstein, 1995). In managing resources, the school leadership must guarantee that all school sections receive satisfactory awareness.   A school leader must have a clear vision for student accomplishment and learning curve.   Teachers and support staff dealing with students must have a matching vision, as they are members of the school team. School ethics relates mainly to shared and common caring, respect and decency. The school leader must be an ethical role model for those in the school, and must display the spirit of standard morals and professional standards at all times.   The leader must be an example to respect, even-handedness, reliance, and integrity in all decisions.   This will promote the highest morals and ethics throughout the school personnel and gain parent’s trust (Sergiovanni, 2006). Supervisors and Education reform: In education reform, educational supervisors need to add concepts of coaching to the scope of their mission to be able to readjust the notion of educational supervisor. There is no clear definition to educational coaching, yet the term implies teaching, supervising, building, and following up the learning and skill development curve of students. This sounds similar in many ways to supervision, it is true there are connections between ideas and procedures of both terms. Van Kessel (2007) was more direct in describing the mainstay qualities of coaching. As described by Van Kessel (2007), coaching represents individualized, mutual effort, spotlights students’ progress, and focuses on results. Its center of attention is on developing solutions and not only on analyzing problems. It looks at objectives development and goal establishment in cooperation among the coach, teachers and students. It needs building up a methodical goal-directed process to advance goal achievement. Further, the coach should motivate student responsiveness to support learning and development. Finally, coaching focuses at stimulating self-directed and self-reflective learning, and at developing self-regulated progress to back unremitting change (van Kessel, 2007, English translation). Evaluation of education and school supervisors Formative-Summative evaluation: Defining formative assessment points to the assumptions and actions educators can take based on the results of an assessment; in other words, it is progression of plans and practices following an appraisal. Integrating the perception of formative assessment in education occurred over 35 years ago into the practice of education. In procedural terms, it means that students do not advance to the forecoming learning objective unless they pass an assessment in the present one. Finishing a specific learning unit, the teacher initiates an exercise based on a standardized teaching method. The teacher conducts an assessment for that unit, based on the students’ results; the teacher then classifies students into those who have mastered the unit and those who are not. For the unsuccessful group, the teacher employs diagnostic information collected from the assessment to apply corrective action usually in the form of directions to support the student’s weaknesses in understanding the subjects of the test. Thus, an essential point of formative assessment concept is that its main objective is to heighten students’ teaching (William, 2006). Formative assessment may take many forms (verbal, writing, small or focus group†¦) depending on the aims of evaluation and the students skills teaching aimed to develop (William, 2006). Summative evaluation, on the other hand, is a product (education) evaluation (Jeffs and Smith, 2005). It aims at evaluating the outcome and efficiency of an initiative, a process or a project (as education). Thus, it emphasizes on the aims and consequences of education. It seeks to clarify if a process working in a certain place can work in another place with the same conditions. In simple words, Summative evaluation is a way to decide the value of an education program at the end its activities. Thorough complete (comprehensive) testing or widespread all-inclusive (full-field) studies are the common methods of performing summative assessment. Its main use is to collect data on the effect of a running program in society for sometime (Jeffs and Smith, 2005). Role of supervisors as it relates to evaluation School supervisors perform three interlinking roles, they are control and assessment, providing support and offer guidance, and take the part of liaison (connection) officer between the higher education authorities and the school. The control function relates closely to inspection, and covers educational and administrative domains. This control function relates to evaluation of teachers and assisting staff. Support and guidance functions whether to teachers or student need knowledge of evaluation both formative and summative. Connecting schools with higher educational authorities is a form of upright liaison function; however, supervisors can also play a parallel horizontal liaison role spreading ideas and creating a school learning environment among the staff and students. There is an increasing awareness’ that supervisors role should extend to system evaluation because there is a need to education reform and increasing the quality function of the available schools (International Institute of Educational Planning (UNESCO), 2007) Conclusion My idea of a school supervisor entails belief, hope, and engagement in students’ interests. My belief is teacher supervision is more like coaching a team coming up with reliable and genuine ideas that can be signs of devotion and real hard work of teachers. I also believe in the important role public schools play in the society and that education reform should start within the school environment first. My hope is to be able to achieve the high expectations of a school supervisor in advancing students’ learning, share positively in teaching planning and processes, and fulfill my responsibilities in creating a caring and respectable learning environment. I can assess the students’ interests and needs as well as assess the quality of school supervision through performing continuous evaluation. I will also be able to recognize where I can improve the teachers performance and to prove professional endeavors that will help improving the process of public education. I will have my share in backing the commitments to the state law and policies of board of education as well as the district education guidelines documents. References Encyclopedia of American Social History (Volume 3) (1993). The American Religious Experience. Retrieved 10/06/2008, from Epstein, J. (1995). School/family/community partnerships: caring for the children we share. Phi Delta Kappan, 76(9), 701-712. International Institute of Educational Planning (UNESCO). (2007). Reforming school supervision for quality improvement: Module 2: Roles and functions of supervisors. Paris: IIIEP/UNESCO. Jeffs, T. and Smith, M. K. (2005). Informal Education. Conversation, democracy and learning (3rd edition). Nottingham: Educational Heretics Press. Nanus, B. (1992). Visionary leadership: creating a compelling sense of direction for your organization. San Francisco, CA: John Wiley Sons Inc. Rooney, J. (2005). School culture: an invisible essential. Educational Leadership, 62(5), 86. Sergiovanni, T. (2006). The principalship: a reflective practice perspective (5th edition). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Van Kessel, L. (2007). Coaching, a field for professional supervisors. Ljetopis socijalnog rada, 14(2), 387-432. West, E G (1994). Education and the state. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund Inc. William, D. (2006). Formative assessment: Getting the focus right. Educational Assessment, 11(34), 283-289. Young, A and Block, W. (1999). Enterprising Education: Doing Away with the Public School System. International Journal of Value-Based Management, 12, 195-207.

Island :: essays research papers

I came to the conclusion that Langston was writing about te struggle to freedom for blacs. Lanston Hughes wrote about racism often in his poems, and this particular poem seems to follow that pattern. Hughes gives the feeling of loneliness and dismay at the fact that he is not considered equal to white people. The poem represents the struggle for freedom and to be considered equal. The speaker conveys a feeling of sadness and loneliness in the tone of their voice, as stated in the opening sentence of the poem. "Wave of sorrow", expresses the sadness, by the speaker who I interpret to be a black person caught up in the struggle to have equal right. Hughes uses language that is used in everday life. There are no obsolete of slang words incorporated in the course of the poem. The author uses static imagery, painting a picture of an island standing alone by itself off in the distance. I see a sunny, smoothe sandy island surrounded by cal waters and a warm atmosphere. Langston Hughes uses four stanzas which are all couplets written in closed form. The rhyme scheme is an end rhyme with the pattern ab cb cd ad. This is a unique poem structure with the first line reapeating itself again in line seven, and the third line repeating itself again in line five. This is a lyric poem, meditation, which in this case th physical object is the island. The rhythm is set to be short quck verses with pauses to lead into each couplet. The word choice of the poem is use to keep the poem's structure short and compact. The word order is slightly different from normal use. The unconventional syntax is used to create a rhyme scheme. I decided to do this poem because of the versatility of the meaning. The way Hughes writes "Island" it leaves the reader to develop their own opinions of the author's meaning. This poem can be interpreted in many different ways, for instance: I also thought that this poem could mean a person is close to reaching their goal and by saying "Wave of sorrow, Take me there", I interpreted that as meaning they needed some sort of motivation to point

Hospitality Human Resources Management Essay

In organisations today, the scope of human resource management is vast but there are three main functions that human resource management is comprised of – strategies, plans, practices, processes and policies; attract, manage, develop and reward; and contributing to the overall performance of the organisation. Throughout this literature review the different approaches that various authors take when outlining the what activities, tasks and functions contribute to the role of an human resources manager in organisations will be discussed as well as the features that are unique to the industry and affect the role of human resources manager in hospitality. I will also make an executive suggestion as to which human resource approach I feel is the most appropriate for organisations in the hospitality industry from the readings used in this literature review. The main sources that will be referenced in this literature review include Rudman (2010), Armstrong (2006), Baum (2007) and Fà ¡ilte Ireland (2005). Human resource management is an important role within organisations and businesses which focuses closely on both the recruitment and the overall management of employees within organisations and businesses. It is a strategic approach when it comes to managing people in the work place and works to create, as well as reinforce, a work environment that is positive for organisations employees. (Heathfield, 2013). When recruiting new employees, the human resource managers of organisations look for candidates who are highly experienced in the organisations field, possess a wide variety of skills that can be applied within the organisation, and have a positive working attitude and good work ethics which they will apply to the organisation or business. Human resources management is the control of an organisation’s employees; according to Rouse (2011) an organisation’s human resources management department is in charge of creating, implementing and overseeing all policies that ar e to do with the behaviour of the organisation’s employees as well as the organisation’s behaviour towards the employees. Human resources management can be defined in many different ways and everyone  has a different view on what human resources management is comprised of. It is said that up until the 1980’s human resources management was known as personnel management, and making the change from personnel management to human resources management offered organisations a new beginning. It offered organisations new beginnings as human resources management, according to Rudman (2010), is based on three key aspects; commitment and engagement, integration and fit, and flexibility and adaptability. As human resources management can be defined in various ways it is apparent that authors will have different views on what human resources management is as well as what the tasks and activities are that make up the role of a human resources manager in organisations. The roles and functions of a human resources manager are viewed differently by organisations but all organisations do have a human resources function whether they openly recognise it or not. Human resources management uses a human resources system as a means to operate. This human resources systems amalgamates the philosophies, strategies, policies, processes, practices and programmes of human resources management. (Armstrong, 2006). Armstrong’s (2006) human resources management activities model, which was based on Becker and Gehart’s (1996) human resources management model, views the role of the human resources manager in organisations to comprise of ten key components. The ten key components of Armstrong’s (2006) human resources management activities model include organisation, an employment relationship, resourcing, performance management, the development of human resources, reward management, employee relations, health and safety, welfare services as well as employment and human resource services. These ten, supposed, key components of the human resources management activities model can also be matched to a human resources model Armstrong (2006) claims. This human resources model shows that human resources and the structure that an organisation is built on should be managed in a way that harmonises them strategically. It is also said that there is a human resources cycle which is made up of four functions that are generically performed in all organisations. These functions include selection, appraisal, rewards and development according to Armstrong (2006) who believes that the human resources cycle starts with selection, then goes on to appraisal – or  performance management which it is also known as – before splitting off into two sections, rewards and development, before finishing the cycle with performance. This model and matching human resources cycle explain human resources management in a way that appears to cover every aspect of it simply and effectively . Where Armstrong’s (2006) human resources management model talks about there being ten key components of human resources management and are simple, Rudman (2010) goes into more detail when defining the scope of human resources management. Rudman (2010) said that the scope of human resources management is influenced by how big, or small, an organisation is along with other characteristics and it â€Å"†¦covers everything an organisation does to attract, manage, develop and reward†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 8) employees who help the organisation achieve its goals. This scope of human resources management means that Rudman (2010) see the role of a human resources manager as consisting of activities, but he also talks about there being five main elements when it comes to human resources management. The five elements that Rudman (2010) suggests are the core elements that make up human resources management are staffing the organisation, managing people and performance, developing people and performance, rewarding people and performance, and managing employment relations. Staffing the organisation works towards attracting and acquiring any of the human resources that an organisation needs in order to achieve the organisation’s goals while managing employment relations aims to balance both the interests of the employers and their employees so that the organisation can work to achieve their goals. When an organisation manages people and performance it encourages their employee’s contribution and commitment to both the organisation and the organisation’s overall performance while developing people and performance ensures that the organisation’s employees have the necessary skills, knowledge and competencies that are required for the present performance and future performance of the organisation. When organisations reward people and performance it influences the behaviour and performance of the organisation’s employees by encouraging them with future contributions as well as recognising their past achievements. These fiv e core elements make up what Rudman (2010) believes to be the scope of human resources  management. While Rudman (2010) suggests that there are five elements that make up the scope of human resources management, and Armstrong (2006) claims that there are ten key components that comprise to make up his human resources management activities model which has a complementary matching human resources management model; there are many other perspectives when it comes to discussing what makes up the role of a human resources manager. Another perspective is that of Baum (2007) who suggests that there are eight aspects that combine together to make up what the role of a human resources manager involves. Baum’s (2007) views on what human resources management is good practice is adapted from Fà ¡ilte Ireland (2005) model of what good practice in human resources management is. The eight aspects that Baum (2007) and Fà ¡ilte Ireland (2005) suggest are activities that contribute to what a human resources managers role is are flexibility, participation, performance management, recognition, reward, communication, learning and development, and empowerment. A human resources manager needs to be flexible according to Baum (2007) because they need to ensure that the organisation can match their demands with the availability of their staff whilst recognising the employee’s work-life balance also needs to be managed. Performance management is an important aspect of a human resources managers role according to Baum (2007) as carrying out regular staff performance reviews within organisations will ensure that both individual performance and team performance is being delivered to the standard of the organisation leads to rewards and recognition, two aspects that Baum suggests are important. Ensuring that employee’s good efforts are recognised within their peer group and are celebrated will ensure that employees continue working to the same standard so that they can gain either monetary or non-monetary rewards. Learning and development is also important when it comes to the role of a human resources manager as having access to both on-site and off-site courses and learning opportunities for employee’s ensures that employee’s work is up to standard and they are up to date and speed with what they are required to do for the organisation to achieve their goals. Developing, managing and rewarding people and performance appear to be  common, and important, functions of what a human resources manager role consists of according to Baum (2007), Fà ¡ilte Ireland (2005), Rudman (2010) and Armstrong (2006) human resources management activities models. The three models that have been discussed all have similar functions but Armstrong’s (2006) seems to cover every aspect of what I think human resources management entails in a more in-depth way compared to how Rudman (2006) explains it. However, each model is specific and suggest what they see as the most important functions of human resources management and activities of a human resources manager. In the hospitality industry human resources management departments are often considered, and talked about being, a cost center. A cost center is a function in an organisation that does not produce any direct profit but adds to the overall cost of running an organisation. Human resources management is considered a cost center in the hospitality industry as measuring the outcomes of human resources management efforts is not always clear to see and the same goes for the results of managing employees. Many hospitality organisation’s face challenges including the business environment continuously changing rapidly, increasing competition and changing customer demands but the changing technologies of today are making it easier for organisations to share information and replicate competing organisation’s work practices and strategies. (Cho, Woods, Jang & Erdem, 2006). Cho et al (2006) found that human resources management issues and challenges are becoming increasingly important to an organisation’s performance where as Becker & Gerhart (1996) have argued that decisions regarding human resources management influence the overall performance of an organisation because human resources management aims to improve the efficiency of organisations as well as increase the revenue of the organisation. A major issue that human resources managers face in the hospitality industry is employee retention as there is a personnel shortage. There is a decrease in the number of teenagers that are available to work in the hospitality industry as the majority of them are looking for jobs that allow them to work nine to five, Monday through Friday and have the weekends off. However, in the hospitality industry this is never the case and, in the vast majority  of cases, employees are required to work over the weekend. Because of this decrease in availability of teenagers wanting to work in the hospitality industry, Bonn & Forbringer (1992) suggested that human resources managers are going to have to explore and develop new target markets and methods when it comes to both attracting and retaining employees. According to Davidson & Wang (2011) jobs in the hospitality industry are being characterised by the levels of labour turnover being quite high with a fair amount of employees leaving their current hospitality jobs for opportunities in different industries. This high labour turnover means that employees are not happy with the work they are doing but, in some conditions, it can also indicate that employee’s cannot reach the unrealistic expectations of the organisation they are working for. However, some other reasons have been known to be the cause of high labour turnover in the hospitality industry and these include; there being a lack of future career opportunities; the job-scope being dissatisfactory; and conflict between management and employees. Human resources managers are required to think of new ideas that will want people to work for their organisation so that there is a low labour turnover. If an organisation has a low labour turnover this means that their employee’s are satisfied with their jobs, they feel both safe and healthy in their work environment, and their work performance is deemed satisfactory from the employer’s perspective which is very important. Being able to attract and retain employee’s in one of the key components that is part of the activities and functions that comprise the role of a human resources manager. There are several different approaches that can be taken when it comes to human resources management; these include hard or soft, best practice, best fit and strategic. Two different approaches of human resources management are hard or soft. These approaches are opposing views on different human natures and control strategies; hard human resources management can be viewed as the basic functions whereas soft human resources is the advanced functions of human resources management. Soft human resources management is all about the self direction of individuals and in the center of the approach to managing people is trust, self-regulated behaviour and commitment. With soft human resources management employees are treated as  the most significant resources within an organisation and it focuses on the employee’s needs, roles, rewards and motivating them. This makes employee’s the greatest asset within an organisation and they are vital to the success of the organisation. Human resources managers ensure that they select the best candidates, provide them with training and development of a high and appropriate quality and are rewarded in regards to their value to the organisation. Whereas hard human resources management focuses on the strategic objectives of the organisation and human resources is treated like an equal function of production. Hard human resources management aims to minimise the cost of labour and make it flexible and people are often referred to as employee’s with this particular approach to human resources management as it reinforces that employee relations can be because of franchising, outsourcing or subcontracting. Strategic human resources is an approach that has a goal to use people in the most effective way in regards to the organisation’s strategic needs. This approach is designed to aid organisations meet their employee’s needs in the best way possible. It requires human resources managers to not only think and plan ahead different ways for the organisation to meet the needs of their employee’s but also ways for the employee’s to meet the needs of the organisation as well. (Becker & Huselid, 2006). Strategic human resources management is having the ability to plan for the employee’s needs as it helps improve and increase the amount of skillful employee’s whom choose to keep working for an organisation. Becker & Huselid (2006) suggest that improving and increasing this amount will reduce labour turnover costs, and the money that organisations would have to spend on attracting and recruiting new employee’s. The best practice approach to human resources management is based on there supposedly being a set of human resources management practices that are best suited and that using these practices will lead to the organisations overall performance being superior to their competitions. It aims to develop employees, increase their level of commitment to the organisation, with the intended outcome to improve the overall performance of organisations and create a competitive advantage that is sustainable. When it comes to this  approach to human resources management, what may work for one specific organisation may not necessarily be the best practice for another organisation as it may not fit the style of management, strategy, or working performance of that organisation. (Armstrong, 2006). Whereas the best fit approach to human resources management works on emphasising the significance that ensuring the human resources strategies are appropriate for the organisation. Human resources managers a re required to take into account bot the needs of the organisation and its employee’s. With this approach it is up to the organisation to decide what works best for them and what will fit their operational and strategic requirements according to Armstrong (2006). The most suitable approach to human resources management in the hospitality industry in my opinion, based on the findings of this literature review, is the best practice approach. This is because this approach aims to develop employee’s, increase their level of commitment to the organisation, and have an outcome that improves the overall performance of the organisation. When working in the hospitality industry it is important to attract and recruit the people best suited for the organisation and adopting this approach to human resources management it will ensure that the commitment of employee’s is enhanced and improved which, in turn, improves the overall performance of the organisation. There are a range of human resources practices that are significant to organisations when trying to attract and retain employee’s who will constantly deliver service of a high quality. These practices include selection and recruitment, teamwork, retention, training and developme nt, appraisals and rewards, and employee relations and they are all important to the human resources management in the hospitality industry. References Armstrong, M. (2006). A handbook of human resource management practice, 10th ed. London: Kogan Page. Baum, T. (2007). Human resources in tourism: Still waiting for change. Tourism Management, 28(6), 1383-1399. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.aut.ac.nz/science/article/pii /S0261517707001033 Becker, B & Gerhart, B. (1996). The impact of human resource management on organisational performance: Progress and prospects. Academy of management journal, 39(4), 779-801. Becker, B. E., & Huselid, M. A. (2006). Strategic human resources management: Where do we go from here?. Journal of Management, 32(6), 898-925. doi: 10.1177/0149206306293668 Bonn, M. A., & Forbringer, L. R. (1992). Reducing turnover in the hospitality industry: an overview of recruitment, selection and retention. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 11(1), 47-63. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.aut.ac.nz/science/article/pii/ 027843199290035T Cho, S., Woods, R. H., Jang, S., & Erdem, M. (2006). Measuring the impact of human resource management practices on hospitality firms’ performances. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 25(2), 262-277. Davidson, M. C. G., & Wang, Y. (2011). Sustainable labor practices? hotel human resource managers views on turnover and skill shortages. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tour, 10(3), 235-253. doi: 10.1080/15332845.2011.555731 Druker, J., White, G., Hegewisch, A. & Mayne, L. (1996). Between hard and soft hrm: Human resource management in the construction industry. Construction management and economics, 14(5), 405-416. doi: 10.1080/014461996373278 Fà ¡ilte Ireland. (2005). A human resource development strategy for irish tourism: Competing through people. Retrieved from http://torc.linkbc.ca/torc/downs1/Strategy%20for%20Irish%20Tourism%5b1%5d.pdf Heathfield, S. M. (2013). What is human resource management?. Retrieved from http://humanresources.about.com/od/g lossaryh/f/hr_management.htm Nickson, D. (2007). Human resource management for the hospitality and tourism industries. (1st ed.). Boston, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann. O’Neill, J. W., & Davis, K. (2011). Work stress and well-being in the hotel industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(2), 385–390. doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2010.07.007 Rouse, M. (2007). What is cost center? Retrieved from http://searchcrm.techtarget.com/definition/cost-center Rouse, M. (2011). What is human resource management (hrm)?. Retrieved from http://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/human-resource-management-HRM Rudman, R. (2010). Human resources management in new zealand (5th ed.).

Christmas Worksheets and Christmas printables

Christmas lessons and activities are great motivational techniques. Some of the best activities in an inclusional classroom include brainstorming activities. When you provide students with the opportunity to brainstorm, you are actually using differentiated instruction. Brainstorms work well for gifted learners, mainstream learners and disabled learners. Use the Printable Activity PDF or try some of the suggestions below. 1. How many different Christmas words can you think of? 2. How many different things can you put on a Christmas tree? 3. What realistic types of gifts do you want this year and why? 4. How many different things can you do on the Christmas holiday? 5. How many different foods can you think of for Christmas? 6. Why is Christmas special to you? 7. How many different Christmas songs can you think of? 8. How many words can you find using only the letters in the word Christmas? 9. List all your different memories of Christmas. 10. Think of all the different things that happen at your house at Christmas. (Types of decorations, visitors etc.) Brainstorms can be in writing or done in small or large groups in the classroom. All students have the chance to feel successful during brainstorm types of activities.